Journal: Science Advances

Article Title: Intracellular enzymatic reducing systems control receptor tyrosine kinase signaling via PTP1B

doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adv5362

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) A431 cells overexpressing GLRX1 or GLRX2, indicated with upward arrows, were serum starved before stimulation with EGF (100 ng/ml) for 0-2-4-6 min. Lysates were analyzed with immunoblots (IB) for total EGFR, for total phosphotyrosine (total pTyr), for the preferred site for PTP1B-mediated dephosphorylation (pY992), and for GLRX1 or GLRX2 expression levels, as indicated. ( B and C ) Quantifications using densitometry of total pTyr and pTyr992, respectively. The signals were normalized for the intensity of the total expression of EGFR and compared with signals in controls. ( D ) GSH levels were determined in A431 cells with or without overnight treatment with 125 μM buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), as indicated. EGF stimulation and GLRX1 or GLRX2 overexpression as in (A). ( E to G ) Immunoblots and quantification of total pTyr and pTyr992 in the cells analyzed in (D). The signals were normalized for the intensity of the total expression EGFR. EV, cells transfected with control vector; GLRX1↑ and GLRX2↑, cells transfected for overexpression of GLRX1 or GLRX2, respectively. Bar graphs are determinations from immunoblots of three separate cell experiments [ n = 3; means ± SE (error bars); * P < 0.05]. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni post hoc tests for multiple comparisons with GraphPad Prism.

Article Snippet: The epidermoid carcinoma cell line A431 (American Type Culture Collection) or MEFs were cultured in DMEM (5% CO 2 ) + 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS), 2 mM l -glutamine, penicillin, and streptomycin.

Techniques: Western Blot, De-Phosphorylation Assay, Expressing, Over Expression, Transfection, Control, Plasmid Preparation

Journal: Science Advances

Article Title: Intracellular enzymatic reducing systems control receptor tyrosine kinase signaling via PTP1B

doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adv5362

Figure Lengend Snippet: A431 cells with knockdown of ( A ) GLRX2 or ( F ) TXN1, indicated with downward arrows, were serum starved before stimulation with EGF (100 ng/ml) for 4 min, after which EGFR receptor inhibitor (10 μM) was added. Cells were harvested at indicated time points, and receptor phosphorylation (total pTyr and pY992) was analyzed by immunoblotting. ( B , C , D , and E ) The densitometric signals were normalized for the intensity of the total expression of the EGFR. The same samples were used to confirm knockdown of TXN1 and GLRX2. Quantifications and densitometry of total pTyr and pTyr992 in respective experiments as shown in (A) and (D). The signals were normalized for the intensity of the total expression of the EGFR at 4 min. ( G and H ) Analyses of PRDX1, PRDX2 or PRDX3 dimer form versus total ratio for each PRDX isoform, in arbitrary units (Dimer/tot AU) after GLRX1, GLRX2, or TXN1 knockdown, as indicated. Bar graphs are determinations from immunoblots of three separate cell experiments [ n = 3; means ± SE (error bars); * P < 0.05]. ( I , J , and K ) A431 cells with or without knockdown of GLRX2 or overexpression of GLRX2 were serum starved before stimulation with EGF (100 ng/ml). At the indicated times after EGF stimulation, cells were subjected to the modified cysteinyl-labeling assay using biotinylated iodoacetyl-PEG2-biotin for analysis of reversible PTP1B oxidation. Biotinylated proteins were purified using streptavidin-Sepharose beads and resolved by SDS-PAGE as illustrated in the scheme (K). Visualization was performed using antibodies against PTP1B, and control levels were determined from total cell lysate by SDS-PAGE and blotting against PTP1B. The densitometric signals were normalized for the intensity of PTP1B streptavidin-biotin signals over total amount of PTP1B, thus indicating the ratio of oxidized PTPB1B over total PTP1B (oxPTP1B/Total PTP1B), in arbitrary units (a.u.). Graphs are determinations from immunoblots of three (GLRX2) separate experiments [ n = 4; means ± SE (error bars); * P < 0.05]. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni post hoc tests for multiple comparisons with GraphPad Prism.

Article Snippet: The epidermoid carcinoma cell line A431 (American Type Culture Collection) or MEFs were cultured in DMEM (5% CO 2 ) + 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS), 2 mM l -glutamine, penicillin, and streptomycin.

Techniques: Knockdown, Phospho-proteomics, Western Blot, Expressing, Over Expression, Modification, Labeling, Purification, SDS Page, Control

Journal: Science Advances

Article Title: Intracellular enzymatic reducing systems control receptor tyrosine kinase signaling via PTP1B

doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adv5362

Figure Lengend Snippet: A431 cells were starved for overnight, treated with EGF (100 ng/ml) for 2 and 4 min and subsequently with 10 μM EGFR inhibitor for 30 s, 2 min, and 6 min, as indicated. The cells were fixed and processed for PLA to determine protein interactions. Cells were stained with primary antibodies from different species against PTP1B (mouse) together with antibodies against ( A ) GLRX1 (goat), ( B ) GLRX2 (rabbit), ( C ) TXN1 (rabbit), or ( D ) EGFR (goat) to reveal protein-protein interaction in situ using the technique of PLA. The cells were fixed and processed for PLA to determine the direct interactions. Red spots indicate protein interactions with nuclei counterstained with DAPI (blue). ( E ) Bar graphs with quantifications and statistics of PLA signals (** P < 0.01; **** P < 0.0005); n ≥ 3 (more than 500 cells per experiment). Error bars denote SEM. Scale bar, 30 μm. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni post hoc tests for multiple comparisons with GraphPad Prism.

Article Snippet: The epidermoid carcinoma cell line A431 (American Type Culture Collection) or MEFs were cultured in DMEM (5% CO 2 ) + 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS), 2 mM l -glutamine, penicillin, and streptomycin.

Techniques: Staining, In Situ

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Systemic delivery of cationic liposome-mediated siRNA EGFR enhances therapeutic efficacy in a human colorectal cancer model

doi: 10.64898/2026.03.29.715100

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fluorescence microscopy images (×40 magnification) of Caco-2 cells treated with Lipofectamine 2000-complexed siEGFR FAM (100nM, green dots), demonstrating intracellular localization after 30min incubation; nuclei stained with DAPI (blue) and the endoplasmic reticulum stained with ER-Tracker RED ( A ); native 15% PAGE analysis confirming complete loading of Cy5-labeled siEGFR into CLP lipoplexes ( B ); cell viability of THP-1-derived human macrophages and RAW264.7 mouse macrophages following CLP (0.1-200 µg/mL) treatment with IC50 value, assessed after 48 h by MTT assay ( C ); control GFP silencing in Caco-2 and A431 cells treated with CLP- or CLP-FA-formulated siRNA-GFP at the indicated concentrations by DFA ( D-E ); EGFR silencing mediated by Lipofectamine 2000-formulated siRNAs in Caco-2 and A431 cells after 48 h by DFA tool ( F-G ); EGFR expression on Caco-2 cells following treatment with empty CLP, CLP-siRNA EGFR, and CLP-ASO EGFR formulations (100 nM, 48 h; positive controls), compared with the EGFR inhibitor PD153035 (1µM), as determined by flow cytometry.

Article Snippet: CaCo-2 and A431 cells were cultured according to the ATCC procedure.

Techniques: Fluorescence, Microscopy, Incubation, Staining, Labeling, Derivative Assay, MTT Assay, Control, Expressing, Flow Cytometry

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Systemic delivery of cationic liposome-mediated siRNA EGFR enhances therapeutic efficacy in a human colorectal cancer model

doi: 10.64898/2026.03.29.715100

Figure Lengend Snippet: Uptake of CLP-FA-siEGFR via folate receptor (FR)-mediated endocytosis in cancer cells, and the mechanism of action through the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) ( A ); Intracellular localization of CLP-FA-siEGFR FAM (100 nM) visualized by fluorescence microscopy (×40 magnification) after 30min incubation with Caco-2 and MEF-WT cells. The nucleus was stained with DAPI (blue), and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with ER-Tracker Red ( B ); Delivery of the CLP- Cy5 siEGFR 2’-OMe to assess concentration-dependent uptake ( C ) Cell viability after 48 h incubation with empty CLP and CLP-FA (10–200 µg/mL), compared to the Staurosporine positive control (STS, 1 μM) ( D ); Schematic of the treatment utilizing a DFA tool (pEGFP-EGFR/DsRED) in Caco-2 cells. Cells were co-transfected with pEGFP-EGFR (green) and pDsRED-N1 (red) plasmids using Lipofectamine 2000, then treated with CLP-delivered siRNAs. After 48h, EGFP-EGFR/DsRED fluorescence was measured and normalized to untreated plasmid-transfected controls (C-Control, set to 100%) , , ( E ); Silencing activity of tested EGFR-targeted siRNAs (10-200 nM) delivered via CLP ( F ) and CLP-FA ( G ), in comparison to scrambled (CLP-SCR); Inhibition of EGFR expression by CLP-siEGFR 2′-OMe (100 nM) in Caco-2 and A431 cells, assessed by flow cytometry after 48 h incubation ( H-I ); Representative Annexin V/Aqua staining (apoptosis/necrosis) flow cytometry panels of Caco-2 cells treated with CLP-siEGFR 2′-OMe (100 nM) for 48 h ( J ), with quantified apoptosis ( K ) and cell survival ( L ). EGFR inhibitor (PD153035, 1 µM) served as a positive control ( H-L ).

Article Snippet: CaCo-2 and A431 cells were cultured according to the ATCC procedure.

Techniques: Fluorescence, Microscopy, Incubation, Staining, Concentration Assay, Positive Control, Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Control, Activity Assay, Comparison, Inhibition, Expressing, Flow Cytometry